Unemployment is one of the biggest social issues in India over the years. It is a situation where total number of job seekers surpass the total number of vacancies in a country.
Each year India produces 25 millions of job seekers but it can provide 7 millions of jobs only. The remaining youths become unemployed. A report released by NSSO in 2020 showed that the unemployment rate in India was highest in last 45 years. But the COVID-19 pandemic has worsened the situation. The second wave of the pandemic again hampered the all economic activities. The recent data released by CMIE shows that the weekly unemployment rate was 14.7% on 23rd May. In urban India, the rate was at 17.4% while in rural areas the rate was 13.5%. It seems that the nationwide lockdown has increased the unemployment rate , but the reality is the weak base of India's employment generating system, which was collapsed much earlier than the pandemic.
Reasons :
• Industrial revolution brought about a change in the situation. It introduced machines and a single machine can do the work of many people. Naturally it threw many persons out of employment.
• One of the main reasons is India's increasing population which is 2nd in the world with 135 crores of citizens. India does not have enough resources to solve the job crisis.
• Another reason is the education system in India. It lacks the quality education at the primary level and make students ineligible to get a job.
• The recruitment process in government jobs is so lengthy. It takes minimum 3-4 years to complete the whole process. Also the vacancies in government jobs are decreasing while the number of candidates are increasing each year.
• Economic slowdown also increases the unemployment rate. Lockdown has forced many companies to cut short their labour forces. So many people became jobless.
Consequences :
• Unemployment directly increases the poverty rate and halts the overall economic growth of the country.
• The educated youths lack the opportunity to express their talents. Thus the country wastes its youth power and Human resources.
• Joblessness creates mental depression among the youths and they become frustrated. So they indulge in anti-social activities and addicted to intoxication .
• It destroys the sense of moral values and leads to a feeling of despair and anger. A society so infected can never prosper in the world.
• Unemployment is the main reason behind 'brain drain' in the country. Lack of proper opportunity for research work and better condition for jobs force them to go and stay abroad. Thus India suffers a great loss of talents.
Unlike the covid-19 pandemic unemployment is a permanent issue. Central and state governments should prepare a policy regarding unemployment . Economic development can increase the number of jobs. A special attention should be given in private and manufacturing sectors, A change in the policy of education system is the need of the hour. New Education Policy(NEP) can be proved a path breaking policy to reduce unemployment. Skill India program is a great initiative to train students in other activities and vocational courses other than academic education. The youths should be encouraged to set up new start ups. The recruitment process in government jobs must be faster and smoother.
The unemployment issue can be solved through good governance and national policy to remove the crisis. Then the country will prosper to a new height.
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