Rising population is one of the biggest problems not only in India but also around the world. But this is the most neglected issue in many countries of the world. Population explosion has been growing up specially in third world countries like latin American, African and South-East Asian countries.
Current Population of India :
According to the 15th census of India, 2011 India's population was 121 crores, which is 17.5% of total population of the world. But India's geographical area is 32,87,263 sq. km. which is just 2.4% of total area of the world. This data shows the grim reality of India's population. At present the population of India is more than 135 crores and population of the world is approximately 787 crores. India is the 2nd most populated country in the world just lagging behind China, but if we see the data from another aspect would find the reality. The area of china is thrice that of India, the population density of China is 124 and the population density of India is 382. In some states the number is more grimmer. The population density of Bihar is 1102, which is highest in India and in west bengal the number is 1028. It was predicted that within few years the population of India will cross that of China .
Causes behind rising population :
• One of the main reasons has been rooted in the lack of good governance. India never implemented a proper policy regarding family planning. Two child policy is the need of hour, but it seems that political will resists the governments in doing so.
• Education plays a most important role in the society. Lack of education among the masses leads to the crisis. Especially in rural areas the literacy rate is very low.
• Most of the population does not realise that the rising population is a problem. In some states the fertility rate is so high.
• The healthcare system of the world has been improved drastically . So the death rate has decreased , ultimately it results in population growth.
• Lack of awareness about the consequences of rising population has deepened the crisis.
• Still in rural areas child marriage has not been stopped . Girls are given marriage at early age and they are being deprived of their education. So they gives birth before 18 years of old.
Effects of Rising Population :
All our social issues originate from rising population.
• Every day our population is rising but the natural resources do not rise, it remains the same. our agricultural land is limited so the demand and supply gap will increase for our necessary ingredients.
Mankind is building towns and industrial areas to cope up with the rising population by clearing forest and agricultural land. Thus the ecosystem is destructed and animals are coming out of forests for food. Ultimately the incidents like man-animal conflict is increasing .
• Each year India produces 25 millions of job seekers and it can provide only 7 millions of jobs. So most of the youths remain unemployed as India does not have enough resources to provide jobs. So unemployment rises and as a result poverty rate rises.
• The effects of rising population can be seen on the environment . India is one of the most polluted country in the world. The AQI level in many cities is above danger level. So various health issues like breathing problem, skin disease etc. are rising. The problems like traffic jam, parking problems are regular issue in big cities.
• Besides , the effect of rising population can be seen on education , health care system, scarcity of water etc.
Remedies for the rising population :
• First of all , the people of the country must be educated about the issue. Awareness campaign should be conducted in rural areas to teach them about the importance of family planning .
• Education among women can reduce the population growth. It must ensured that girls do not get married before 18 years of age. The initiative like "Beti Bachao Beti Padao" must be implemented properly.
• A proper policy regarding population control and family planning should be implemented as soon as possible.
• Government needs to deal with different states differently as the population density is not equal in all states.
Conclusion :
Though the population growth in India is very high, yet the growth rate has been decreasing significantly. Still lot of work has to done for sustainable development and policy implementation. Central government, state governments and the citizens have to work together to curb the population growth.
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